The solitary Reaper Essay Example for Free

Meme Essay Example For Students

Image Essay The defilement pictures light up the activities of the individuals in ClaudiusA court, starting with ClaudiusA own activities. The start of the play tells us that it is winter with FransiscoAs explanation that it is Abitter coldA (1.1.6) This might be an implication to death in itself A-things are dead in winter. The gatekeepers talk about the apparition and we know immediately that we have an otherworldly topic, just as a topic of death. In act 1 scene 2 we get the feeling that King Hamlet has been away for some time. Gertrude is as of now re-wedded and is joyfully out of grieving garments. Gertrude even tells Hamlet, who is in full dark grieving garments, to brighten up. Great Hamlet, cast thy daily shading off,And let thine eye resemble a companion on Denmark. Don't for ever with thy vailed lidsSeek for thy respectable dad in the dust:Thou knowst tis normal; every one of that lives must die,Passing through nature to forever. (1.2.68-73)Hamlet doesn't feel that it is the ideal opportunity for him to shed his wretchedness right now. The impression given is that it has been quite a while scince the demise of the old lord and just Hamlet despite everything sticks to his recollections and pain. After everybody leaves, in any case, we discover all the corrupt insights concerning the new King and HamletAs mother. Hamlet starts the rottenness symbolism immediately when he looks at the world to Aan unweeded garden that develops to seed; things rank and gross in nature forces it merely.A (1.2.135-6) He is totally dejected and accuses his mom and uncle for not feeling the manner in which he does. He is the person who calls attention to that the old King, his dad, has not been dead long at all A-lone every month truth be told. He rails over the way that his mom could be so whimsical, wedding again unexpectedly early. The attack is ground considerably more strongly into his delicate sensibilities when she weds his fa therAs sibling, his uncle. The way that both of them could be so buoyant so not long after the demise of his dad just stuns him. He predicts that such scurry Acannot come to great. However, break, my heart, for I should hold my tongue.A (1.2.158-9) Hamlet is additionally tossed into despair when he is informed that his fatherAs phantom has been spotted. He speculates that the main explanation that his dad would show up is caution him of a foul deed. My dads soul in arms! Everything isn't well;I question some injustice. Would the night were come. Till then sit still, my spirit. Foul deeds will rise,Though all the earth oerwhelm them, to mens eyes. (1.3.254-58)Marcellus fortifies the thought with his remark that ASomething is spoiled in the province of Denmark.A (1.4.67) This implies a plot or whatever, that has been executed against King Hamlet. Hamlet and the watchmen acknowledge now that there must be some horrendous deed that has kept the King from rest, something that should be vindicated. Hamlet discovers exactly what befell his dad in the following scene. The KingAs apparition props the spoiled symbolism up with his comments about trash, infected distilment, and curdy milk. The passing symbolism proceeds in act 3 scene 1 with HamletAs acclaimed talk. To be, or not to be: that is the question:Whether tis nobler in the brain to sufferThe slings and bolts of ridiculous fortune,Or to take arms against an ocean of troubles,And by restricting end them? (3.1.58-62)He discussions whether it is simpler to simply bite the dust than to battle against every one of his difficulties. Is it extremely worth the pain he is experiencing, or would it be simpler to simply end his life. He perceives how his mom and Claudius are behaving and he is debilitated by OpheliaAs assumed dismissal of him. He wouldn't like to live in so bad a world. He has originated from school where he was educated to thoroughly consider thing and use thoughts. Everything is considered in standards where he comes structure and now he has been pushed into the vipersA home with little understanding to direct him and his sorrow to fight with. Polonius starts the plotting and double dealing against Hamlet when he asks his man Reynaldo to discover as much as possible about Hamlet. He does this as far as anyone knows to cover his own butt, by not insulting the ruler and sovereign with his little girl arrogance. He doesn't need them to think he has pushed his little girl to make a decent match with Hamlet, not mulling over Hamlets emotions about the subject. Hamlet is an educated man who sees the world with crisp perceiving eyes. He sees immaculatene ss and confidence in Ophelia and doesn't consider her position in contrast with his. He is just worried about his adoration and the joy that the two of them share. When Polonius sticks his nose into it:And in this manner do we of intelligence and of reach,With windlasses and with tests of bias,By indirections discover bearings out:So by my previous talk and advice,Shall you my child. .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231 , .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231 .postImageUrl , .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231 , .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231:hover , .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231:visited , .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231:active { border:0!important; } .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; mistiness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: haziness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231:active , .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231:hover { obscurity: 1; change: murkiness 250ms; webkit-change: obscurity 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231 .focused content territory { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: intense; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; content beautification: underline; } .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; text style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; outskirt range: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; textual style weight: striking; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt span: 3px; content adjust: focus; content enrichment: none; content shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u9 ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231 .focused content { show: table; stature: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u9ff356fc3ed8e6e4bcf7860eb24c2231:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Advantages and Disadvantages of Smartphones Essay(2.1.63-7)He adulterates the entire thing. On the off chance that he had quite recently disregarded them, at that point Hamlet would not have been so agitated with Ophelia in act 3 scene 1. He accepts that she is effectively engaged with all the spying and plotting that has been going on and is so baffled now that the genuinely couldn't care less. AGod has given you one face, and you make yourselves another.A He brutally insults her about being an irregular lady, imagining that she has sold out him. After first losing HamletAs love through obeying and confiding in her dad, Ophelia then loses her dad because of his own plotting and double dealings against the man she still to a point adores. She was a reluctant member in her fathersA plots, and believed him when he revealed to her he knew best. OpheliaAs entire world is broken when he is murdered. She totally splits and withdraws into herself. She won't recognize any rottenness or defilement and shields herself from it with her asinine adolescent gab. She despite everything comprehends what occurred in some capacity of her cognizance, in any case, since she reveals to her sibling; AI would give you a few violets, however they shriveled all when my dad died.A (4.3.180-1) In the commentary of the Oxford version content, they disclose to us that violets speak to unwaveringness. Ophelia is stating that she had given every last bit of her confidence to her dad and on the day that he kicked the bucket, her confidence was taken from her . Hamlet transforms the entirety of this defilement and rot into a major joke after he executes Polonius. When asked where he has covered up Polonius, Hamlet jokes; AAt supper.A (4.3.18)Not where he eats, yet where he is eaten. A certainconvocation of politic worms are een at him. Yourworm is your lone ruler for diet. We fat allcreatures else to fat us, and we fat ourselves formaggots. Your fat ruler and your lean hobo is butvariable help, two dishes, however to one table. That is the end. (4.3.20-5)He is disclosing the grandiose joke to individuals who don't get it. We raise creatures to take care of us, however what we are genuinely doing is fatting ourselves for the worms feast. Claudius doesn't get the joke since he considers himself to be a lot more significant than that. He just feels that villa is crazy. HAMLETA man may angle with the worm that hath eat of a ruler, and eat of the fish that hath took care of that worm. Lord CLAUDIUSWhat dost you mean by this?HAMLETNothing yet to give you how a ruler may go progress through the guts of a homeless person. (4.2.27-32)Claudius wouldn't like to hear this by any means, and continues grilling Hamlet about Poloni

How to Tell You Have Reached the Point of Burnout

How to Tell You Have Reached the Point of Burnout Stress Management Situational Stress Print Burnout Symptoms and Treatment By Elizabeth Scott, MS twitter Elizabeth Scott, MS, is a wellness coach specializing in stress management and quality of life, and the author of 8 Keys to Stress Management. Learn about our editorial policy Elizabeth Scott, MS Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 01, 2019 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on December 05, 2019 How Stress Impacts Your Health Overview Signs of Burnout Stress and Weight Gain Benefits of Exercise Stress Reduction Tips Self-Care Practices Mindful Living In This Article Table of Contents Expand Overview Signs and Symptoms Risk Factors Prevention and Treatment View All People who are struggling to cope with workplace stress may place themselves at high risk of burnout. Burnout can leave people feeling exhausted, empty, and unable to cope with the demands of life. Burnout may be accompanied by a variety of mental and physical health symptoms as well. If left unaddressed, burnout can make it difficult for an individual to function well in their daily life. Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin What Is Burnout? The term “burnout” is a relatively new term, first coined in 1974 by Herbert Freudenberger, in his book, Burnout: The High Cost of High Achievement. He originally defined burnout as, “the extinction of motivation or incentive, especially where ones devotion to a cause or relationship fails to produce the desired results.” Burnout is a reaction to prolonged or chronic job stress and is characterized by three main dimensions: exhaustion, cynicism (less identification with the job), and feelings of reduced professional ability. More simply put, if you feel exhausted, start to hate your job, and begin to feel less capable at work, you are showing signs of burnout.?? The stress that contributes to burnout can come mainly from your job, but stress from your overall lifestyle can add to this stress. Personality traits and thought patterns, such as perfectionism and pessimism,  can contribute as well.?? Most people spend the majority of their waking hours working. And if you hate your job, dread going to work, and dont gain any satisfaction out of what youre doing, it can take a serious toll on your life.?? Signs and Symptoms While burnout isn’t a diagnosable psychological disorder, that doesnt mean it shouldnt be taken seriously. Here are some of the most common signs of burnout:?? Alienation from work-related activities: Individuals experiencing burnout view their jobs as increasingly stressful and frustrating. They may grow cynical about their working conditions and the people they work with. They may also emotionally distance themselves and begin to feel numb about their work.Physical symptoms: Chronic stress may lead to physical symptoms, like headaches and stomachaches or intestinal issues.Emotional exhaustion: Burnout causes people to feel drained, unable to cope, and tired. They often lack the energy to get their work done.Reduced performance: Burnout mainly affects everyday tasks at workâ€"or in the home when someones main job involves caring for family members. Individuals with burnout feel negative about tasks. They have difficulty concentrating and often lack creativity. It shares some similar symptoms of mental health conditions, such as depression. Individuals with depression experience negative feelings and thoughts about all aspects of life, not just at work. Depression symptoms may also include a loss of interest in things, feelings of hopelessness, cognitive and physical symptoms as well as thoughts of suicide.?? Individuals experiencing burnout may be at a higher risk of developing depression.?? What Are Your Rights When Youre Depressed? Risk Factors A high-stress job doesnt always lead to burnout. If stress is managed well, there may not be any ill-effects. But some individuals (and those in certain occupations) are at a higher risk than others. The 2019 National Physician Burnout, Depression, and Suicide Report found that 44 percent of physicians experience burnout. Their heavy workloads place individuals with certain personality characteristics and lifestyle features at a higher risk of burnout. Of course, its not just physicians who are burning out. Workers in every industry at every level are at potential risk. According to a 2018 report by Gallup, employee burnout has five main causes:?? Unreasonable time pressure. Employees who say they have enough time to do their work are 70 percent less likely to experience high burnout. Individuals who are not able to gain more time, such as paramedics and firefighters, are at a higher risk of burnout.Lack of communication and support from a manager. Manager support offers a psychological buffer against stress. Employees who feel strongly supported by their manager are 70 percent less likely to experience burnout on a regular basis.Lack of role clarity. Only 60 percent of workers know what is expected of them. When expectations are like moving targets, employees may become exhausted simply by trying to figure out what they are supposed to be doing.Unmanageable workload. When a workload feels unmanageable, even the most optimistic employees will feel hopeless. Feeling overwhelmed can quickly lead to burnout.Unfair treatment. Employees who feel they are treated unfairly at work are 2.3 times more likely to experience a high level of burnout. Unfair treatment may include things such as favoritism, unfair compensation, and mistreatment from a co-worker. Prevention and Treatment Although the term burnout suggests it may be a permanent condition, its reversible. An individual who is feeling burned out may need to make some changes to their work environment.?? Approaching the human resource department about problems in the workplace or talking to a supervisor about the issues could be helpful if they are invested in creating a healthier work environment. In some cases, a change in position or a new job altogether may be necessary to put an end to burnout. It can also be helpful to develop clear strategies that help you manage your stress. Self-care strategies, like eating a healthy diet, getting plenty of exercises, and engaging in healthy sleep habits may help reduce some of the effects of a high-stress job. A vacation may offer you some temporary relief too, but a week away from the office wont be enough to help you beat burnout. Regularly scheduled breaks from work, along with daily renewal exercises, can be key to helping you combat burnout. If you are experiencing burnout and youre having difficulty finding your way out, or you suspect that you may also have a mental health condition such as depression, seek professional treatment. Talking to a mental health professional may help you discover the strategies you need to feel your best. How Stress Can Cause Weight Gain

Business Negotiations Between The Americans Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 10 Words: 2908 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? Culture of a society has been defined as a shared set of values and beliefs by Hofstede, and it is common to members of the group and separates them from other groups (Hofstede, 1997). Why it is important for international managers to understand it? Management is getting things done through (other) people. This is true the world over. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business Negotiations Between The Americans Business Essay" essay for you Create order In order to achieve this, one has to know the things to be done, and one has to know the people who have to do them. Understanding people means understanding their background, from which present and future behavior can be predicted. Their background has provided them with a certain culture (Hofstede, 1994). Do you notice culture differences among your classmates? Definitely, the word culture is used here in the sense of the collective programming of the mind which distinguishes the members of one category of people from another (Hofstede, 1994). The category of people in our class can be divided into a national group, region group, ethnic group, and gender group. How do those differences affect the class environment or your group projects? Generally speaking, cultural differences in our class have a positive effect because it enables us to grasp the idea that there are other visions and interpretations of the world other than our own. Cultural difference is very common in our group projects or assignments. When cultural differences are recognized, valued and used to the groups advantage, then greater synergies can result for managing projects. Different approaches in multicultural performances consist of four identified key impacts: differences in problem-solving technique, decision-making process, communication methods, and level of trusting each other (Lee Ma, 2006). Question 2 Critically assess the types of operational conflicts that could occur in an international context because of differences in attitudes towards time, change, material factors, and individualism. Give examples relative to specific countries. Answer: Time: Western cultures perceive time as a resource that is continuously depleting. Terms such as: time is money is often used to promote the effective use of time. This orientation is the reason for the western belief that there is a limited amount of total time. In contrast, for Asian and Russian people time does not begin at birth and end at death. This attitude towards time makes people quite casual about keeping appointments and deadlines, which make western people dealing with them very anxious and frustrated (Miroshnik, 2002). For example, in Russia the time spent waiting outside a persons office beyond the appointed time is seen as a measure of the importance of the person waiting. Arabs have another interpretation: a businessman may keep a visitor for a long time, and if the businessman does see the visitor, the interview will last al long as may be necessary. In terms of the number of working hours, Japanese are known to their long working hours. One factor mostly af fecting Japanese employees is the culture of not leaving the office before the boss. However, the philosophy is at total variance with the philosophy of Japanese, American employees believe finishing works in time is an expression of efficiency. Besides, in some countries, like in Southern Mexico, where the stereotypical manana attitude of conducting business at a leisurely pace can still be found. Material factors: In western culture, especially in the United States, people view nature as frontier philosophers that is humans are the masters of our nature and are most valuable among all the creatures, therefore, human should conquer, change and control nature for the benefit of humankind. However, in the Asian culture, like Egypt and Indian, most people worship of nature is the dogma even for persons whom religion is not the significant determinant of behaviors. The rivers Ganges in India, Nile in Egypt are revered for their power over the economic and physical wellbeing of th e people (Kotter and heskett, 1992). Change: Most western people believe that the future is not predestined and humans are capable of manipulating the environment where they will live in future and can change it to their liking. Many US managers are like to introduce innovations to the organizations because they consider change as a positive business opportunity. For non- western people, they usually look on change as a phenomenon that occurs naturally and is part of the overall evolution of humans and their universe. Changes in their societies are accepted, but passively. For example, Muslim culture is passive to change due to the factor of gender role and religious practice (Miroshnik, 2002). Individualism: Individualism is the degree to which individuals are integrated into groups ¼Ãƒâ€¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢which describes the attitude of independence of the person who feels a large degree of freedom in the conduct of his/her personal life. Individualism is not considered c rucial in Asian culture. For example, in Japanese culture, the individual success shared by a family, community and group is dominant I social life, therefore, conformity and cooperation are values that rank higher than individualism. By contrast, in western culture, individualism, which may motivate personal accomplishment and self-expression, is considered to be of the greatest worth (Kotter and heskett, 1992). Leaders and entrepreneurs should learn the essence of the local national culture. Then they could create a certain philosophy for the company. When they implement these in a firm people behave according to their guided philosophy which lead to an emerging corporate culture that reflects the vision of the leaders and entrepreneurs they has while implementing these. Thus, leadership and entrepreneurship is the key issue in shaping organization culture (Boescu, 2003). Question 3 Case study Answer: 1. Overall, the French managers Monsieur Hulot look at the organization as an authority network where the power to organize and control the actors stems from their positioning in the hierarchy. They focus on the organization as a pyramid of differentiated levels of power to be acquired or dealt with. After the careful study of Jos CV, M. Hulot doesnt believe her qualification is adequate. Thats because most senior management in most French companies were educated at the elite schools of France, which produces a highly educated management population that approaches leadership with an unusual degree of academic precision. M. Hulot also regard the airport picking up as a very important thing, which implies his management style involves detail-focus and etiquette protocols. Because of the rich and varied culture in France, the management also includes the protection of French language which is the major reason to the delay of the first meeting. Generally, in the view of Jo, she believes that managers are not expected to see themselves as in any way superior to their colleagues people just have different jobs, which can explain why she doesnt inform her French colleagues in advance to pick her up in the airport. In addition, with the rapid development of globalization, Jo believes the business affairs of P3 should be operated in English. After the poor start of the first meeting, Jo thought hard and adopted a new strategy to help her to accomplish the assignment, which shows pragmatism and individualism is also seen as a key attribute, getting the job completed quickly is more important than the quality of protocol or hierarchy for the Australian management style. 2. The first main force to multinational business is culture: communication is the major cultural difference in the international business. From the case, we can see because lack of efficient communication between two mangers, the first meeting was not processed successfully. Ano ther main problem to multinational business is domestic forces: in this case, we can know almost all the French employees speak their native language instead of English. Lastly, one of the main problems in multinational business is conflict within companies and within international organization: difference of opinion in strategies to be adopted between different management levels in international business. If support is inadequate the international business proposal fails. In this case, if Jo didnt change her strategy to deal with the French constituents, it is very possible to see the failure of her proposal about shelf life of capsules. 3. Generally, the approach Jo used to deal with her French colleagues is showing the respect for them, in particular, for their pride in their work. Jo also tried to slow down the rhythm to work with her French colleagues, which is suited to slow lifestyle and working pace in France. The approach she used in this case is delivering a thanking speech before go to the major topic, which help herself establish a friendly image to her French colleagues. In terms of the constituents of Philippines, the general approach Jo used is being initiative, professional and autocratic in the workplace but being friendly and easygoing after working hours. Jo speaks up her suggestions to her Philippines colleagues directly and confidently because Asian employees are like to receive information and order rather than expressing their own opinions. Question 4 What do you think companies can do now to prepare managers for the new world economy and globalization? What can entrepreneurs and small business with limited resources do? Answer: Table 1 Three dimensions of globalization and their relative advantages and disadvantages QQÃÆ' ¦Ãƒâ€¹Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ªÃƒÆ' ¥Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ºÃƒâ€šÃ‚ ¾20121202164525 Source from https://www.rienner.com/uploads/4fe34a9827174.pdf Table 1 identifies three dimensions that are affected by globalization-political, economic, and cultural-and gives examples of aspects considered positive and negative. A key aspect of political globalization is that globalization can reduce the states sovereignty. This can be viewed as good, because undemocratic governments are finding it increasingly difficult to control the flow of information to and from prodemocracy groups. But decreased sovereignty also means that the state has difficulty controlling the influx of illegal drugs and unwanted immigrants, including terrorists (Ben, 1999). At the economic level, globalization has given consumers more choices. Also, multinational corporations are creating jobs in poor areas where people nev er before had such opportunities. But critics of economic globalization argue that that increased foreign investment and trade benefit only a small group of wealthy individuals and that, as a result, the gap between rich and poor grows both within countries and between countries. At the cultural level, increased cultural contact gives people more opportunities to learn about other cultures. However, some critics are concerned with cultural imperialism, in which dominant groups (primarily wealthy countries) force their culture on others. For example, more and more national languages will become extinct as foreign languages, especially English, penetrate borders. Globalization is an objective phenomenon, which takes place in an accelerated rate, putting more and more its mark on the lives of most of the worlds population. The consequences of the globalization of the economical activity are on cultural values specific for different countries. The importance and the phases of the process of training managers that can action with competence in an intercultural context to meet the globalization have represented the elements which I want to bring forward in following. Cultural orientation programs for the perception and correct evaluation of cultural values and norms from the host country. Training courses for learning a certain foreign language. Cultural assimilation programs, which imply the simulation of certain situations in which the international manager might be while in contact with the new cultural environment (Boescu, 2003). In addition to the giant corporate, small companies with limited resources also need to meet the challenge of globalization. The first key factors for a small company to survive in the globalization is the right niche market, small businesses have to compete by identifying niche markets that are too small for the big e-commerce sites and/or by offering a level of service that the big guys cant offer. Another strategy s mall companies can adopt is to building a good internet website through which word of mouth advertising within their own communities. Question 5 What are the claims of those who say globalization eliminates jobs, lowers wages, and exploits workers? Answer: Globalization has both its advantages and disadvantages. In the realm of economics dimension, we can truly see how globalization encourages job growth within a country, as well leads to increased access to wages. However, some critics reject these points, arguing that increased foreign investment and trade benefit only a small group of wealthy individuals and that, as a result, the gap between rich and poor grows both within countries and between countries. The points below often are the three most cited reasons against restricting globalization. Eliminates Jobs in Developed Countries: Many globalization protestors point out globalization leads to the elimination of many at-home manufacturing jobs in developed nations. The fact is numerous good-paying manufacturing jobs in developed countries were sent abroad to developing countries because of the lower labor cost in developing countries. Forces Wages Lower in Developed Countries: In this scenario, these critics state that gl obalization results in worker dislocation thus lead to a steady slicing of wages. Exploits Workers in Developing Nations: anti-globalization pundits claims that when a firm participates in international outsourcing of their production and services exploits those workers in low-wage nations. Question 6 Answer: Generally speaking, Yahoo can acquire an array of benefits through their Chinese joint partner including easier access to the Chinese market, faster acceleration of localization and the sharing of resources. (1) It is much easier for Yahoo to access to the Chinese market through Chinese joint partner. (2) Yahoo may have the opportunity to capitalize on the established reputation of their more experienced Chinese joint partner and may accelerate the process of localization. (3) Yahoo may access to resources they may not have had in the past, such as specific skills Chinese joint partner brings to the table that they did not currently have in your own labor pool. For example: the skill about how to dealing with the Chinese government officer. There are, however, a number of risks related to joint ventures that can result in loss of control, lower profits, and conflict with partners, including the following: (1) Yahoo may not communicate their objectives clearly with th eir Chinese joint partner, resulting in misunderstanding. These communication issues can be exacerbated by geographic and cultural distance among partner firms. (2) Yahoo and Beijing Founder Electronics may have distinct corporate cultures and management styles, resulting in poor integration and cooperation (3) Source of conflict may be that the JV disproportionately allocates resources among the firms. For example, Yahoo may find that its technology is being appropriated by Beijing Founder Electronics. How does a strategic alliance differ from a joint venture? Explain the pluses and minuses of such alliances? Answer: The joint venture is a legal relationship between the businesses often forming a new business, while Strategic Alliance is mutual coordination of strategic planning and management and combining of resources or information in order to achieve long term objectives between two organizations. Under this, each organization will work independently and no separate entity is formed. It is not legally binding. Strategic Alliance is considered as less risky due to less legality. The pluses of strategic alliance include three major points. The risk can be shared by both parties. Both parties have the opportunities to access to the new market and technology. The government barriers can be overcome easier by the helping of respective party. The minuses of strategic alliance also include three major points. The technology and information leakage between two parties. The possible opportunistic behaviors of partners The increasing cost between two parties including searchin g costs, monitoring costs, and coordination costs. Answer: The strategy Brandon used can be described as fight a quick battle to force a quick decision. Because the huge difference between American culture and Japanese culture, Brandon think Mr. Kumatsu spend more than enough time exchanging information in the negotiation process, for Brandon, standards of cooperation and assertiveness are not the same as for the Japanese. However, Mr. Kumatsu does not think that Brandons maximum cooperative effort is sufficient when compared to his own acceptable level of cooperation. It seemed that the Mr. Kumatsu interpret Brandon assertiveness as aggressiveness, since an Americans standard of assertiveness is stronger than what the Japanese consider reasonable, which must lead to a failure of this deal. (2) Design an effective management strategy for Brandon to successfully achieve s good international dealings with their companys suppliers in Japan. Answer: Firstly, this effective strategy should be based on the long-term goal. American CEOs always try to improve and maximize their companies profits in their limited time frame of contract terms with a company rather than considering long-term cooperation as success. In contrast with American CEOs, Japanese CEOs see companies as eternal structures, and consider themselves as history-makers for companies. This does not mean that the Japanese do not care about making immediate or short-term time profits. However, they see current profits as a long-term benefit rather than in a one-time-only benefit (Adachi, 2010). Secondly, enough prepared negotiation time should also be involved in this effective strategy. Japanese decision-making is very different from western countries. The slow decision-making is not an unwillingness to take risks, but a necessity that the decisions have to be based on a consensus of all persons involved, all these persons involved in a team or in the negotiation process must get the trust of the leader (Alexis et al., 2000). Last but not least, some little details also should be focused in the negotiation process. For example, Brandon should use roundabout phrases and softened statements instead of stating views directly. Brandon should received business cards with both hands while bowing slightly to show his respect to Japanese culture. The giving of gifts on first meeting can also be taken. Social talks about families, hobbies, and common interests to the Japanese partner are also acceptable.

Medical Marijuana Should Be Legal - 1477 Words

Abstract: Many doctors across the nation believe that medical marijuana can provide a variety of benefits ranging from pain relief to increasing appetite. Others won’t provide the drug to patients until more significant evidence is presented. The drug has been a topic of debate for many years, but one thing that researchers can always count on is a growing library of testimonials from patients who have legally experimented with the drug to manage their conditions. As it stands, marijuana has had a different impact in each state. A few things that are similar between them all involve economy and medical research. As the amount of people taking medical marijuana continues to grow, researchers are being provided with more case studies to use for their research and economies where are being stimulated with the addition of thousands of new dispensaries. Introduction: Medical marijuana has been legalized in over twenty states and is already being used by over a million to treat various conditions. Its potential for medical use is extraordinary, but its growth is hindered by government officials who worry about the social and medical impact the drug may impress. This makes it difficult for researchers to validate the drugs potential and find new uses for it. Likewise, there are many potential uses for medical marijuana, but they cannot be pursued until officials acknowledge its cultural impact and promote researching the drug for significant evidence of its medical benefits.Show MoreRelatedMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal904 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Marijuana Although marijuana is illegal and lacks FDA approval it should be used to treat cancer. Opponents of medical marijuana argue that it is too dangerous to use, lacks FDA approval, and that various legal drugs make marijuana use unnecessary. They believe marijuana is addictive, leads to harder drug use, and injures the lungs, immune system, and brain. They also believe that medical marijuana is a front for drug legalization and recreational use. Benefit that it is isn’t a great treatmentRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1249 Words   |  5 PagesMarch 1, 2017 Medical Marijuana Informative Unless you ve been living under a rock, you have probably at some point in the last few years had a conversation with a friend or family member regarding medical marijuana. Although it is considered a controversial topic, in recent months it has been gaining approval by the public. But it does not come without opposition and arguments. Medical marijuana is a complex subject and still requires more education for the public, the medical community, and theRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1651 Words   |  7 Pagesmost commonly referred to as marijuana. Medical marijuana refers to the use of cannabis and its cannabinoids to treat disease or improve symptoms (Wikipedia.com). Cannabis contains two active ingredients inside called cannabinoids (CBD) along with the delta-g-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The medicinal and psychoactive effects that personally associate with marijuana are caused by unique structures of cannabinoids. In addition, the major psychoactive ingredient in marij uana is THC, which additionallyRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1778 Words   |  8 Pagesusing medical marijuana for chronic pain outweigh the risks? Medical Marijuana is a topic we have all heard a couple of times in the past years. It has been a debatable topic since there seems to be a lot of opinions on what should be and shouldn’t be legal. Some say its benefits outweigh anything else, and some others state that there is a hazard involved with this drug. There are studies on both sides of the question that demonstrate what appear to be clear benefits for medical marijuana, asRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1545 Words   |  7 Pagesmedicinal utility of marijuana. However, the federal government opposes passing legislation that would legalize medical marijuana because of its potential to be abused or unregulated. The states are continuously challenging the federal government causing complications in legislation in regards to medical marijuana. Because of its history of medicinal properties and accumulating amounts of state and local legislation, the federal government should decriminalize medical marijuana an d legalize its useRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1053 Words   |  5 PagesMedical marijuana, also called cannabis, is used in some places as a medication to treat diseases and symptoms. Many people consider it helpful and harmless making it the most used illicit drug in North America. With legalizing medical marijuana people can alleviate some health problems and help ease physical pain, but it also can bring many concerns, questions, and responsibility. Legalizing cannabis can help many people with their health conditions. There are some advantages to taking medicalRead MoreShould Medical Marijuana Be Legal?1591 Words   |  7 Pagesdebated topic on marijuana legalization is widely argued. Whether it’s for medical or recreational usages, this topic is reaching boiling point. The complicity on the legalities of marijuana has reached a point in society where legal usage has been popping up across the country. In the medical sector, studies have shown benefits, and harmful effects in patients. Some physicians support, however some physicians do see health concerns that influence their stance on whether medical marijuana laws are toRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal897 Words   |  4 PagesMedical Cannabis Weed Cannabis, also known as Marijuana has many effects to it. In recent years officials have decided that it should be used for medical usage. They have found out that it helps many medical conditions. Medical cannabis has many things that could cure. Studies has shown that it slows the response time in the synapses in the brain it helps the brain heal. For example if someone was in a bad wreck it allows the brain to eventually heal. Because it is unlike other prescribed drugs weedRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal860 Words   |  4 Pagesthat medical marijuana might be useful in reducing this pressure. Marijuana has also became a common sight in the medicine cabinets of patients suffering from HIV/AIDS and many different forms of cancer. Cannabis consumptions has been known for its ability to stimulate appetite commonly referred to as â€Å"getting the munchies.† Medical marijuana can successfully benefit its patients with HIV or cancer by helping generate an appetite through the use of plant. Researchers have shown that medical cannabisRead MoreMedical Marijuana Should Be Legal1777 Words   |  8 Pages Medical marijuana brings many benefits to the medical community and should be legalized. Medical marijuana also known as medical cannabis, brings relief too many people with multiple different types of diseases. One major benefit of marijuana being such a good relief medicine is that it is not addictive. Medical marijuana would also be very easy to regulate and bring many economic benefits to our country. Medical marijuana also known as medical cannabis brings relief too many people with many different

Understand How to Handle Information in a Social Care Setting Free Essays

Understand how to handle information in social care settings It is essential that in a social care environment information is collected, used and stored correctly. Current legislation requires everyone working in social care to maintain certain records and keep them secure. Most of the information is sensitive and therefore not available to the general public. We will write a custom essay sample on Understand How to Handle Information in a Social Care Setting or any similar topic only for you Order Now Information that is sensitive is called Confidential. Examples of confidential records are :- * Care support Plans * Risk Assessments Personal information about individuals being supported * Personal information about workers Always record any information given to you by an individual even if you think it is trivial as it may help someone else. Always check an individual’s care and support plan before working with them as there may have been changes since you last worked with the individual even if it was only a short time ago. Access to all information should be restricted to those people to whom the information is relevant. Legislation relating to information handling includes :- * Data Protection Act 1998 * Freedom of Information Act 2000 * Health Social Care Act 2008 (Essential Standards) Two key components of maintaining confidentiality are the integrity of information and its security. Integrity is achieved by the accuracy and completeness of information using proper processing methods. Security measures are needed to protect information from a wide variety of threats. It is important to have secure systems in place in respect of information handling in order to * Comply with legislation * Protect confidentiality * Prevent identity theft * Maintain the rights of individuals * Ensure information is accessible for those who need to know Guidance, information and advice on handling information can be obtained from :- * Colleagues * Senior Staff Members * Individuals (Service Users) * Policies Procedures * Internet Find out what records your employer keeps and how they are stored and kept secure If you become aware of any situation where you suspect or know that the agreed procedures have not been followed or are not being followed by yourself or another person, you have a duty of care to report the situation immediately to your manager or supervisor. If you have any worries/concerns over recording, storing or sharing information then :- * Report to a colleague * Report to a senior member of staff * Don’t share any information if unsure Assignment 209 Task B Amanda Clegg How to cite Understand How to Handle Information in a Social Care Setting, Essay examples

Supply Chain Risk Management

Introduction Supply chain plays significant roles in the domestic and the global economy. Each passing day, business processes, and operating environment are increasingly becoming complex. They hence require attention. This requires an effective supply chain that is able to respond efficiently to disruptions from unexpected events.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply Chain Risk Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Supply chain needs to be streamlined to be more responsive to disruptions from the external environment. This calls for an efficient supply chain risk management. There are many risk management tools that can be utilized in supply chain management to reduce the impact of disruptions in the supply chain. This paper discusses the risks that are inherent in supply chain. In addition, it provides varied definitions of risk, supply chain management, and supply chain risk management by different au thors. Furthermore, it discusses the importance of supply chain management. Risk analysis models are discussed with reference to five articles by different authors. However, the report is constrained by lack of sufficient time in the preparation and submission, as well as the human resource factors. Reviews of books and Literature Supply Chain Risk The supply chain is vulnerable to risks of different levels. There are varieties of definitions of the term â€Å"risk†. A risk is an uncertainty with regard to future events that distort a functionality of business operations (Mun, 2004). Manuj and Mentzer (2008) define risk as unpredictable disruptions or breakdowns to the initial objective and projections. Lastly, risk can be defined as uncertainty with regard to events that compromise expected outcomes (Pryke, 2009). Singh, Mishra, Jain, and Khurana (2012), define supply chain risk as a potential deviation from the planned objectives that cause additional costs on value added a ctivities, at different stages of the supply chain. On the other hand, Wagner and Bode (2008), describe risk as a loss or a damage to supply chain that is caused by disruption of supply chain activities. Risk can also be defined as an organizational, environmental, or a supply chain related variable that is not easy to predict with certainty. Therefore, it affects the outcomes of supply chain activities (Faisal, Banwet, Shankar, 2006). Supply chain risks are classified as internal, or external. The Internal risks arise from improper coordination of supply chain operational activities. These risks include production, distribution, supplies, and demand risks. On the other hand, external risks are factors that occur due to the interaction of the supply chain with the external environment. They include natural disaster risks, exchange rate risks, terrorist attacks, and regulatory risks (Singh, Mishra, Jain Khurana, 2012; Lin Zhou, 2011).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These risks are inevitable in supply chains, and hence the high need to manage them. Risks damage and disrupt the efficient performance of supply chains. They can be managed through effective supply chain management strategies (Singh, Mishra, Jain Khurana, 2012; Lin Zhou, 2011). More so, supply chain risk analysis is also critical for the internal and external management of risks that are inherent in this field. Supply Chain Management Supply Chain Management (SCM) has been addressed widely in the supply chain literature. The term was first coined to differentiate it from logistics management. SCM can be defined as an efficient integration and coordination of supply chain activities with an objective of satisfying the end user (Faisal, Banwet, Shankar, 2006). Mentzer et al. (2001) define SCM as a systematic and strategic coordination of business operations across business functions wi th an objective of enhancing long-term efficiency of supply chains. On the other hand, Hugos (2011) defines SCM as the coordination of key chain activities such as location, production, inventory, and transportation among other activities in supply chains in order to produce the best mix that is efficient and responsive to markets being served by a company. SCM primary role is to facilitate quick movement of products and services to the end user. SCM creates a flexible and agile organization that supports distribution networks by allowing quick changeovers in the supply chain (Hugos, 2011). In addition, SCM is important in quantifying the bottom-line impacts of supply chain activities, hence enhancing cost controls. At the same time, SCM enhances company’s competitiveness in the market through eliminations of supply chain bottlenecks. It also helps in the achievement of operational efficiencies and meeting the needs. It enables companies to achieve their objectives (Hugos, 20 11). SCM is a critical tool for businesses. It helps businesses to boost their customer services. This is achieved through a timely delivery of products in different locations. Furthermore, SCM helps business to streamline supply chain activities and take necessary measures against unexpected occurrences. It also enables businesses to improve their bottom-line through increased efficiencies. Furthermore, the supply chain management enables business to build a sustainable supply chain, and hence enhance improvements in the social and environmental responsibility (Hugos, 2011).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply Chain Risk Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Supply Chain Risk Management Supply chains are susceptible to risks due to the complex activities and the environment in which businesses operate. Supply Chain Risk Management (SCRM) is critical in combating supply chain risks (Wu et al. 2013). SC RM is defined as the application of risk management process tools in collaboration with partners in the supply chain to mitigate risks and uncertainties that arise as a result of logistics related activities (Norrman Lindroth, 2002). Olson and Wu (2008) view SCRM as a coordination and collaboration process that identify, assess, avoid, and mitigate risks that are inherent in supply chain. SCRMP can also be defined as a management arrangement that addresses the likelihood of risk occurrence, its consequences, and the forces that drive particular sequence of events, as well as how best the forces can be managed to minimize the consequences and improve the positive outcomes (Ritchie Brindley, 2007). Petroleum Supply Chain risk management model that was developed by Fernandes, Barbosa-Pà ³voa, and Relvas (2010) give a good example of SCRM. Supply Chain Risk Analysis There are various theories and models that are used to analyze supply chain risks. These models are used to identify, a nalyse, and mitigate risks in different industries. For instance, Christopher, and Peck (2004) research focused on the development of a managerial agenda that would enable identification and management of risks in the supply chain. It utilized chain resilience model in the analysis of risks in different UK industries. Their analysis provides an end-to-end perspective of product flow from raw material sources to customer delivery. Their research sought to answer the following questions; how best managerial agenda can identify and manage supply chain risks, and how best resilience of supply chain can be improved (Christopher Peck, 2004). They model risk decision-making across business functions in and outside of the organization (Christopher Peck, 2004). Their study is justified by an apparent acknowledgment that organizations in the UK are yet to fully recognize supply chain risks and utilize lean systems for supply chain efficiency. Khan, Christopher, and Burnes (2008), provide an analysis of the impact of the product design on the SCRM, in a more complex global context case study. Their research constructs a framework that incorporates product design in supply chain risk management. This framework is a creative platform that is capable of managing supply chain risks (Khan, Christopher, Burnes, 2008).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Its research questions are the roles, which the product design can play in mitigation of risks, and how it enhances supply chain agility in clothing and textile industry in the UK. The Risk Matrix and the Risk Register Models are used by researchers in the analysis of Marks and Spencer risk management. The justification of the research is the recognition of the product design as integral to the competitiveness of a supply chain that is achieved through an effective identification and mitigation of risks (Khan, Christopher, Burnes, 2008). Chopra and Sodhi (2004) provide an analysis of supply chain risks as a result of natural disasters. They provide an overview of how companies can be prepared for natural disaster eventualities. They hold an opinion that effective management of natural disaster risks calls for managers to understand the interconnectedness of supply chain risks and focus design of strategies for effective risk reduction and mitigation strategies. The authors answer t he question how best companies can be prepared to deal with risks associated with natural disasters, fires, labour strikes, and terrorism that is likely to disrupt supply chains. They utilize Disaster Management Model and Framework (DMMF) to analyze and mitigate risks. The justification of the study is the need of strengthening natural disasters, fire, and labour strikes preparedness so as to reduce its impacts on the supply chain. Vosooghi, Fazli, and Mavi (2012) provide an analysis of risk involved in the crude oil supply chain. They acknowledge that crude oil supply chain is complex and vulnerable to a variety of risks. They identify environmental and regulatory risk to be rampant to the crude oil supply chain. The research question of this paper is how best oil supply chain managers can understand different risks and how effectively they mitigate them. Fuzzy Analytical Hierarch Process (FAHP) model is utilized in the analysis of the risks involved in the crude oil supply chain ( Vosooghi, Fazli, Mavi, 2012). The justification of this research is making a contribution towards management and mitigation of risks in the crude oil supply chain that is more vulnerable to risks. The research paper by Sinha, Whitman, and Malzahn (2004) provide a descriptive methodology designed to mitigate risks in an aerospace supply chain. This paper answers the question of how best risks in an interconnected supply chain can be identified, analyzed, and mitigated in the aerospace industry. The authors utilize Supply Chain Operations Reference model (SCOR) in the analysis of the risks inherent in the aerospace industry. The justification this research was to provide an efficient methodology capable of mitigating supply chain risks in a competitive industry (Sinha, Whitman, Malzahn, 2004). Conclusion Supply chain management and supply chain risk management continue to draw attention of companies and other practitioners. This is due to its role in the performance of the companies and the economy. With globalization increasing competition and business functions becoming more complex, the supply chain is becoming more vulnerable to unexpected disruption. Effective reduction of the impacts of the dynamic environment on supply chain call for efficient supply chain management and supply chain risk management. There are different risk management tools that organizations should use to tailor their risk management strategies towards effective mitigation of risk. In doing so, supply chain would be more efficient and responsive to environmental disruption, and hence enhances business competitiveness. List of References Chopra, S Sodhi, MS 2004, â€Å"Managing risk to avoid supply-chain breakdown,† MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 52-61. Christopher, M Peck, H 2004, â€Å"Building the resilient supply chain,† International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1-13. Faisal, MN, Banwet, DK Shankar, R 2006, â€Å"Supply c hain risk mitigation: modelling the enablers,† Business Process Management Journal, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 535-552. Fernandes, LJ, Barbosa-Pà ³voa, AP Relvas, S 2010, â€Å"Risk management framework for the petroleum supply chain†, Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, vol. 28, pp. 157-162. Hugos, MH 2011, Essentials of supply chain management. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley. Khan, O, Christopher, M Burnes, B 2008, â€Å"The impact of product design on supply chain risk: a case study,† International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 412-432. Lin, Y Zhou, L 2011, â€Å"The impacts of product design changes on supply chain risk: a case study,† International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol. 41, no. 2, 162-186. Manuj, I Mentzer, JT 2008, â€Å"Global supply chain risk management strategies,† International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 192-223. Mentz er, JT, DeWitt, W, Keebler, JS, Min, S, Nix, NW, Smith, CD, Zacharia, ZG 2001, Defining supply chain management, Journal of Business logistics, vol. 22, no. 2, pp. 1-25. Mun, J 2004, Applied risk analysis: Moving beyond uncertainty in business, Wiley, Hoboken, N.J. Norrman, A Lindroth, R 2002, March, Supply chain risk management: purchasers’ vs planners’ views on sharing capacity investment risks in the telecom industry, In 11th International IPSERA conference, Enschede, The Netherlands. Olson, DL Wu, D 2008, â€Å"Supply Chain Risk Management,† In New Frontiers in Enterprise Risk Management, pp. 57-67, Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Pryke, S 2009, Construction supply chain management: Concepts and case studies, Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK. Ritchie, B Brindley, C 2007, â€Å"Supply chain risk management and performance: a guiding framework for future development,† International Journal of Operations Production Management, vol. 27, no.3, pp. 303-322. Singh, A, Mishra, P, Jain, R Khurana, M 2012, ‘Design of global supply chain network with operational risks’, International Journal Of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 60, 1-4, pp. 273-290. Sinha, PR, Whitman, LE Malzahn, D 2004, â€Å"Methodology to mitigate supplier risk in an aerospace supply chain,† Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 154-168. Vosooghi, MA, Fazli, S Mavi, RK 2012, â€Å"Crude Oil Supply Chain Risk Management with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process,† American Journal of Scientific Research, No. 46, pp. 34-42. Wagner, SM Bode, C 2008, â€Å"An empirical examination of supply chain performance along several dimensions of risk†, Journal of Business Logistics, vol. 29 no. 1, pp. 307-325. Wu, T, Huang, S, Blackhurst, J, Zhang, X, Wang, S 2013, ‘Supply Chain Risk Management: An Agent-Based Simulation to Study the Impact of Retail Stockouts’, IEEE Transactions On Engineering Managemen t, vol. 60, no. 4, pp. 676-686. This report on Supply Chain Risk Management was written and submitted by user Damion Rivera to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Supply Chain Risk Management Introduction Risk is one of the concepts that continuously attract the attention of business administrators and scholars. This paper is aimed at discussing this notion within the context of supply chain management. In particular, it is necessary to examine the theories and models that can be used to manage risks and increase organizational resilience to internal and external threats. This report will consist of several sections.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply Chain Risk Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More First, one should provide the definitions of main concepts such as internal and external risk. Furthermore, this paper will include a review of research articles that can be used to identify different theoretical frameworks or models of supply chain risk management. Overall, one can say that the current research is oriented toward two aspects of risks, namely probability and impact on the sustai nability. It should be noted that existing approaches to supply chain risk management cannot be universally applied. As a rule, they were designed to respond to the problems faced by certain types of companies or industries. This is one of the limitations that should be considered. Definitions of the main concepts Overall, the notion of risk can be interpreted as the possibility of loss, hazard, or any other undesirable event. However, researchers, who examine this term from an organizational perspective, describe it as a â€Å"variation in the distribution of possible outcomes, their likelihoods, and their subjective values† (Christopher Peck 2004, p. 4). Therefore, risk is closely connected with the deviation from the established norm. It should be noted that there are two types of risks, namely internal and external. Internal risks take their origins in the inside operations of an organization, in particular, the decisions of the management, structure, RD policies, planni ng, and so forth (Lin Zhou 2011, p. 164). Each of these aspects lies within the scope of managerial responsibilities. This is one of the details that should be considered. In turn, external risks can be attributed to the factors cannot be controlled or eliminated by the management. For example, one can speak about such threats as natural disasters, political upheavals, or technological catastrophes that can produce detrimental effects on a company. Additionally, it is important to examine such a concept as supply chain management (SCM). Certainly, one can offer several definitions of this term. Yet, researchers usually describe it as the way to control the flow of goods from the suppliers of raw materials to the end users of a product (Sinha, Whitman Malzahn 2004, p. 154). This term is important for understanding the questions that will be discussed.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Le arn More Overall, supply chain risk management (SCRM) can be described as a set of activities that are aimed at identifying various risks and minimizing their probability or influence on an organization. To a great extent, it is a set of activities that are supposed to make a company less vulnerable or susceptible to various threats. For example, the development of a contingency plan is one of the activities included in SCRM. This plan is supposed to give step-by-step instructions that should be carried out provided that a certain event takes place (Christopher Peck 2004). In particular, many companies develop contingency plans to reduce the impact of disruptions. This is one of the possible problems that should be addressed. There are different types of supply chain risks, for instance, one can mention delays, disruptions, forecast risks, procurement risk, the failure to collect receivables, and many other threats (Chopra Sodhi 2004, p. 54). These risks can be attributed to be internal and external factors. These are the main details that can be identified. Literature review It is possible to single out various sources that can throw light on different theories and models that can be helpful for identifying, assessing, or mitigating supply chain risks. On the whole, one can argue that various authors do not always explicitly identify a theory or model that they follow while conducting their research. Yet, it is possible to understand what kind of frameworks they rely on. For example, it is possible to discuss the article written by Martin Christopher and Helen Peck (2004) who discuss the methods of constructing a resilient supply chain. The authors focus on the strategies adopted in various industries such as food retailing, automotive manufacturing, food packaging, and so forth (Christopher Peck 2004, p. 2).The scholars attempt to answer several research questions. First, they try to determine how organizations can reduce the impact of external threats on their business processes (Christopher Peck 2004, p. 1). Secondly, researchers want to reduce the costs associated with SCRM. These scholars attempt to develop a model of a resilient supply chain. To a great extent, it is based on the contingency theory according to which the management should concentrate on the environment in which the business operates. This theoretical framework implies that one cannot fully eliminate the probability of a certain risk. However, business administrators can develop strategies that can help a company withstand the influence of these environmental factors. This approach can be distinguished because it can enable an organization to remain sustainable at the time of crisis.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Supply Chain Risk Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In their article, Omera Khan and Marting Christopher (2008) discuss the relevance of product design to SCRM. They study this question within the context of such industries as fashion retail and clothing manufacturing (Khan Christopher 2008, p. 412). These authors show how companies can improve their SCRM by viewing design as a component of supply chain. Moreover, they demonstrate how this partnership can be established. These are the main questions that these researchers examine. One of their arguments is that designers and suppliers should closely interact with one another in order to reduce the probability of supply chain risks (Khan Christopher 2008, p. 418). This study illustrates the application of the stakeholder theory which is used for the management of risks. According to this approach, the stakeholders, who may have various interests, can represent the supply chain. More importantly, different problems can be addressed or avoided if various participants are able to cooperate with one another in order to resolve conflicts and misunderstandings. This is the main principles that shoul d be followed. This framework should be disregarded because in many cases, supply chain problems can be attributed to miscommunication or lack of coordination. It can be a valuable tool for reducing the probability of risk. The importance of design is examined Yong Lin and Li Zhou (2011). In particular, these scholars explore the impact of changes in design on various supply chain risks (Lin Zhou, 2011, p. 162). They look at the way in which this issue manifests itself in the special-purpose vehicle industry. There are several questions which these researchers discuss. First, they try to determine whether a certain risks can occur due to design changes requested by clients (Lin Zhou, 2011, p. 164). Secondly, they focus on the impact of such requests on the functioning of the supply chain. Overall, their findings suggest that such changes in design often lead to external and internal supply chain risks that can be related to production process or delivery of goods to clients. This study is also based on the stakeholder theory of risk. Additionally, it is possible to review the article written by Sunil Chopra and ManMohan Sodhi (2004) who study the ways of avoiding supply-chain breakdowns. These scholars discuss a variety of supply chain risks to which a business can be exposed. Overall, they do not test a certain hypothesis or answer research questions. Instead, they survey a set of methods that can mitigate various risks. One can say these scholars present a model of a resilient supply chain that is able to withstand the impact of environmental factors. Such an approach is useful for reducing the impact or risks.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One can also speak about the work of Pankai Sinha, Larry Whitman, and Don Malzahn (2004). These researchers strive to develop techniques for the mitigation of risks that can affect the supply chain in the aerospace industry. They scholars do not discuss a specific research question or a hypothesis. They are more interested in identifying techniques which enable the managers to reduce the probability and impact of risks. This article illustrates the so-called IDEFO model of managing risk (Sinha, Whitman, Malzahn 2004, p. 166). The model is premised on the idea that supply chain managers should be ready for the worst-case scenarios. By relying on stress testing, they can identify the strengths and weaknesses of the organization. Furthermore, these professionals should adopt the policy of continuous improvement (Sinha, Whitman, Malzahn 2004, p. 166). This model can be singled out because it is a useful technique for evaluating the resilience of the supply chain. The article written b y Steen Christiansen and Jesper Jensen (2009) is also worth attention because it illustrates the application of such a model as the fishbone diagram as a method of improving the work of the supply chain. This study is aimed at discussing packaging performance qualification (Christiansen Jensen 2009, p. 77). In particular, the scholars want to determine â€Å"the minimum performance qualification batch size for assembly and packaging processes† (Christiansen Jensen 2009, p. 77). These processes can be viewed as important elements of the supply chain. The writers show how a fishbone diagram can be used to identify the causes of various problems or variations in the functioning of the supply chain (Christiansen Jensen 2009, p. 83). This model is helpful for understanding the pinpointing the weaknesses in the supply chain. This is why it should not be overlooked. This use of this model is also described in the article by Angela Tidwell and Scott Sutterfield (2012). The main go al of their study is to discuss the selection of suppliers with the help of such a tool as Quality Function Deployment (2012, p. 284). They researchers focus on the needs of businesses that are engaged in toothpaste packaging (Tidwell Sutterfield 2012, p. 284). The main task is to exemplify the common challenges that companies face when choosing among various suppliers. These authors also illustrate the application of the fishbone diagram. Apart from that, it is possible to look at the article written by Craig Carter and Dale Rogers (2008). To some degree, it can throw light on the use of resource dependence theory. These authors carry out a survey of scholarly articles illustrating theoretical perspectives on the causes of supply chain risks and ways of mitigating them. In this way, they attempt to single out the most relevant approaches to SCRM. For instance, large manufacturers prefer vertical integration. In other words, they prefer to take complete control of their suppliers ( Carter Rogers 2008, p. 272). This strategy is consistent with the principles of resource dependence theory according to which organizations strive to maximize their control of resources such as labor, technologies or raw materials (Carter Rogers 2008). In turn, vertical integration of the supply chain is a way of reducing the probability of risk. Overall, this perspective is useful for explaining the long-term strategies of large manufacturers. Furthermore, one can look the article written by Anthony Paulrai and Chen Injaazz (2011). These authors discuss such a phenomenon as environmental uncertainty and its impact on SCM of various businesses. They want to show how organizations try to become more self-sufficient and reduce the threats to its supply chain. This is the main research question that they focus on. In their opinion, the main trend in SCRM is the integration of supply partners (Paulrai Injaazz 2011, p. 37). This study is also based on the use of resource dependence th eory. The peculiarities of vertical integration are examined in the study carried out by Wei Guan and Jacob (2012). These researchers examine the use of this approach by timber manufacturers (Guan Rehme 2012). The scholars intend to understand the factors that prompt various businesses to adopt this approach. This is the main issue that they are interested in. Overall, timber manufacturers focus on vertical integration because it is critical for responding to the needs of clients (Guan Rehme 2012). In order to do it, they need to make sure that suppliers are effectively managed. So, this way of removing risks takes its origins in the resource dependency theory. These are the most important aspects that can be identified in these articles. Conclusion This analysis indicates that there are different models of supply chain risk management, and each of them has its strengths and weaknesses. First of all, one can say that some of the existing models and theories are mostly aimed at imp roving organizational capacity to respond to risks or threats. For instance, a contingency theory of risk implies that a company should be ready to respond to the changes in external environment. Therefore, their main purpose is to mitigate the impact of risks. In turn, other frameworks show how the probability of risks can be reduced. It seems that an organization should combine these approaches in order to become more effective. However, one should critically evaluate the applicability of different models and theories. Many of them have been tested only within the context of some specific industries or organizations. These are the main arguments that can be put forward. References Carter, C. Rogers, D 2008, ‘A framework of sustainable supply chain management: moving toward new theory’, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 360-387. Chopra, S Sodhi, M 2004, ‘Managing Risk To Avoid Supply-Chain Breakdownâ€℠¢, MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. 53-61. Christiansen, S.H. Jensen, J.B.T. 2009, â€Å"Packaging Performance Qualification-A Risk-Based Approach†, Journal of Validation Technology, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 77-85. Christopher, M Peck, H 2004, ‘Building the resilient supply chain’, International Journal of Logistics Management, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. 1-13. Guan, W. Rehme, J. 2012, ‘Vertical integration in supply chains: driving forces and consequences for a manufacturer’s downstream integration’, Supply Chain Management, vol. 17, no. 2, pp. 187-201. Khan, O Kristopher, M 2008, ‘The impact of product design on supply chain risk: a case study’, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, vol. 38, no. 5, pp. 412-432. Lin, Y Zhou, L 2011, ‘The impacts of product design changes on supply chain risk: a case study’, International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management, v ol. 41, no. 2, pp. 162-186. Paulraj, A. Chen, I.J. 2007, â€Å"Environmental Uncertainty and Strategic Supply Management: A Resource Dependence Perspective and Performance Implications†, Journal of Supply Chain Management, vol. 43, no. 3, pp. 29-42. Sinha, P., Whitman, L., Malzahn, D 2004, ‘Methodology to mitigate supplier risk in an aerospace supply chain’, Supply Chain Management: An International Journal, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 154-168. Tidwell, A. Sutterfield, S 2012, â€Å"Supplier selection using QFD: a consumer products case study†, The International Journal of Quality Reliability Management, vol. 29, no. 3, pp. 284-294. This report on Supply Chain Risk Management was written and submitted by user Jeramiah Q. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here. Supply Chain Risk Management